Cymatics: Sound Has Form

Cymatics is the study of wave phenomena and vibration, a term coined by Swiss scientist Hans Jenny, the word Kymatik, ('cymatic' in English) derives from the Greek 'Kuma' meaning 'billow' or 'wave,' to describe the periodic effects that sound and vibration has on matter.

Everything in the Universe is oscillating and vibrating. Cymatics shows how vibrations interact to create the world we experience 'out there,' while bringing into focus the hidden principles that underlie all natural processes. Understanding these principles offers insights into the dynamics of life in the dense, physical world of matter, form and function, but also in the subjective ways in which we perceive ourselves.(1)

"When one's eye is open to the Cymatic phenomena, you can see it everywhere." - Hans Jenny

In fact Jenny is just one in a long line of venerated scientist / philosophers involved with Cymatics, stretching all the way back to the original Father of Science Galileo. Galileo was the first to notice the formation of regular patterns on an oscillating body while experimenting with plates & chisels in 1632.(2)

Galileo Galilei

''....scraping a brass plate with a sharp iron chisel in order to remove some spots from it and running the chisel rather rapidly over it, I once or twice, during many strokes, heard the plate emit a rather strong and clear whistling sound: on looking at the plate more carefully I noticed a long row of fine streaks parallel and equidistant from one another.." 

-Galileo

1680: a Royal society member, philosopher, architect and polymath Robert Hooke noticed nodal patterns forming as he ran a violin bow along the edge of a glass plate covered with a fine layer of flour. Hooke is better known for giving us his law of elasticity (Hooke's Law) than for popularizing Cymatics.
  
1787: the German musician and physicist Ernst Chladni repeated Hookes experiments and published his findings in the book "Discoveries in the Theory of Sound", making it one of the first treatises on the science of sound, with this and other works, he laid the foundation for that discipline within physics that came to be called acoustics. He is sometimes referred to as the "father of acoustics". 

 

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni

Chladni observed that when a metal plate covered with sand or other similar substance was made to vibrate by running a violin bow across it perpendicularly, a pattern emerged in the sand. Through careful documentation he theorized that sound affects physical matter and that these changes can be repeated. 

Chladni Plate

He produced diagrams of his experiments which came to be called, "Chladni figures." He went on the lecture circuit in Europe and demonstrated his finding to live audiences, which included a command performance for Napoleon. Chladni so delighted Napoleon he offered him 6000 francs for his performance. Napoleon then offered 3000 francs to anyone who could explain this phenomenon. This prize was awarded to Sophie Germain in 1816.(3) 

Examples of square Chladni Figures (drawn by Mary D. Waller)

This video is made by Suzanne Tribe, a student over at the School of Cymatics.




She built a homemade tonascope using PVC (like in these diy cymatics instructions), then invited a friend to sing Mozart’s “Una Donna a Quindici Anni” through the pipe. Watch this video to see how they achieved some beautiful and complex cymatics images using a very simple setup.

You can view Suzanne’s page at the School of Cymatics here. To get free instructions for building your own diy cymatics tonascope click here.(4)

Footnotes:

(1) http://www.cymaticsource.com/newto.html 

(2) http://www.janmeinema.com/cymatics/who_was_hans_jenny.html 

(3) http://9waysmysteryschool.tripod.com/sacredsoundtools/id19.html

(4) http://cymatica.com/2011/07/23/cymatics-video-mozart-music-patterns/